Modern optics t h e i t y o f e d i n b u r g h topic 10. Physics 331a experiment 8 holography revised 16 may 2005. Chapter 23 holography and holographic instruments lloyd huf f research institute uni y ersity of dayton dayton, ohio 2 3. As explained earlier the aim of this work is also the same, which is to devise a. Hologram and holography body, used, process, life, waves.
It relies on the principle of interference to produce an image. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. One beam is shone directly on the recording medium and acts as a reference to the light scattered from the illuminated scene. The course covers the basic principles and theory associated with the holography and holographic methods as well as lab demonstrations with new polymer recording materials. The dinosaur head you see is an example of holography, a method for recording and projecting seemingly threedimensional images. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image. Holography approach improves heads up displays for planes. When a hologram is made, a coherent beam of light is divided so that one beam the reference beam falls directly onto a piece of photographic lm and another beam the object beam is formed from the light that is scattered by an object and falls onto the same piece of lm. Applications of holography for btech engineering physics.
Further uses of holography include all types of threedimensional information storage, such as of statues in museums, engineering studies of structures, and images of human organs. Overview holography was invented in 1947 by hungarian physicist dennis gabor 19001979, for which he received the nobel prize in physics in 1971. Basic principle of holography for engineering physics. It differs in its slightly higher analytical level and in the inclusion oflarge numbers. By combining off axis and phase shifting, it is then possible apply to a double. The author has attempted to explain each subject in a manner that he has found effective in teaching holography for over thirty years. Holography, on the other hand does not utilize a lens to form a latent image. Page 2 of 6 laser cutting and welding laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for. Holography modern physics lab, ucsd department of physics written by michael pollack theory. The hologram is then illuminated with laser light transmission or white light reflection.
Lasers and holography class notes, uiet, physics, engineering, semester computer science engineering cse notes edurev notes for computer science engineering cse is made by best teachers who have written some of the best books of computer science engineering cse. Microwaves are used to detect objects through otherwise impenetrable barriers. Unlike a photograph, which records the square of the electric eld, a hologram contains both the amplitude and phase information from the image. Introduction first experiments in numerical reconstruction of optical holograms date back to 196070th. Basics of holography basics of holography is an introduction to the subject written by a leading worker in the. An introduction to holography georgia tech school of. A hologram captures the interference pattern between two or more beams of coherent light i. Microwave holography infrared holography ultraviolet holography xrayholography electron holography acoustic holography lightinflightholography polarization holography conoscopic holography pseudodeep holograms digital holography conclusion references appendix 1 the mathematical background to holography formation of a hologram reconstruction. Unlike a twodimensional picture, a hologram allows a person to look around and behind its subject. Gravity, qcd, hydrodynamics, and condensed matter seem very different. Of course, this first section is without interest for specialists but can give some fundamentals in optics for the other readers.
Introduction to holography is a lucid introductory textbook for students and a valuable reference text for specialists. In the holographic plate, both the beams combine and interference pattern will be formed. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. A hologram is a physical recording of an interference pattern which uses diffraction to. As recalled by stephen benton in the book, the art and science of holography. The release of graham saxbys third edition of practical holography shows how well the author understands what people need from a complete book on holography.
Holography is a method of recording patterns of lightto produce a threedimensional object. Xrays and ultraviolet light are used to detect particles smaller than than visible light. Besides being an updated and expanded version of that book, it includes discussions of numerous recent applications. Holography in classical and quantum gravity ucsb physics.
Holography is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed so that when an imaging system is placed in the reconstructed beam, an image of the object will be seen even when the object is no longer present. This class provides an overview of the field of holography and its application in such diverse areas as communications, solar energy conversion, and medical imaging. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. Holographic versatile disc pdfppt download abstract. Acoustical holography accessscience from mcgrawhill. Holography and applications of holography notes for civil engineering ce is made by best teachers who have written some of the best books of civil engineering ce. Jeong lake forest college lake forest, illinois holography is a much broader field than most people have perceived. Journal of holography and speckle publishes the fundamental and applied research in all fields of holography, speckle, lasers, optics, nonlinear optics, optical science and engineering, biomedical optics, environmental optics, optical metrology, optical physics, chemistry and biology, quantum holography, and related application areas. T 0 limit one expects that the tower of poles in the imaginary axis merge into a branch cut reaching do wn to. Originally, holography was a technique used to improve electron microscopes. Pdf indefinite plasmonic beam engineering by inplane. Holography and diffractive optics college of optical. It is an outgrowth of the authors science study series book lasers and holography.
Nobel prize for physics, these planes selectively reflect a narrow range of. This book is suitable for researchers and as a textbook for graduate students in optics, physics, and engineering. Holography is a method of producing a threedimensional 3d image of an object. Holography physics the whole holography relies heavily on quite complex rules and laws of wave optics. Pdf holography is the science of making holograms which are usually intended for displaying three dimensional images. However, the most interesting, in the context of this thesis, is the interval ranging from 300 to 700 nm because this interval constitutes the. Displays huds used in fighter aircraft also incorporated an hoe to combine an. Chemical processes can then be applied to the film to create a visible image, in a process called film developing. Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab.
Heterodyne holography setup applied to analyse vibration of a. John caulfield, leith and upatnieks gave a short oral paper on their 3d holograms, and invited the attendees to view a hologram in the hotel suite used by the spectraphysics company, who made most of the early. There are countless engineering applications in this field of holometry. He takes the reader through what a hologram is, the history of holography, what sort of light sources can be used to make a hologram, what kinds have been made to date and so on through to. Holographic lens variations on holographic lens hologon headup display a p p l i e d o p tic s g r o u p d e p a r t ment o f p h y s i c s applications of holographic 1. The interference pattern is captured by the film and processed. This interference pattern is recorded on the holographic plate. The 1971 nobel prize in physics was awarded to the hungarianbritish scientist dennis gabor for his invention and development of the holographic method. In fact, there have been some similar works to probe the phase structure by holographic entanglement entropy. Holography seems to provide a new and deep connection between them. The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. Holography is based on the principle of interference.
Unlike simple photographs, holography utilizes the wavelike properties of light, making use of constructive and destructive interference to record an image. The two waves after interacting will combine to form one wave. Holography basic principles and contemporary applications is a collection of fifteen chapters, describing the basic principles of holography and some recent innovative developments in the field. In this paper we try to understand things as if the visible universe were a reading of a lowdimensional hologram generated in hyperspace. Scientists engaged holography in fast estimating particles. Recent advancements in photorefractive holographic imaging.
Holographic interferometry is using lasers to measure very small displacements caused by. Holography 1 background the word hologram was coined from the greek word \holos which means whole, because the recorded hologram contains all the information of the image eld. An innovative holographybased approach could soon make these headsup displays much easier to see with a large eye box. Indefinite plasmonic beam engineering by inplane holography. This reconstruction represents a solution to an inverse wave propagation problem explained heuristically using huygens principle. This book is intended for upperclass college students as an introduction to the growing field of coherent optics and to the increasing number of its applications. Holography is not only used to make threedimensional pictures and it does not confine itself to the visible spectrum. Optical holography didnt take off until the invention of the laser in 1960. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying three dimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. In 1971, gabor was awarded the nobel prize in physics for his invention and development of the holographic method. The first step in understanding holographic memory is to understand what holographic means. This paper is an introduction to the holographic phenomena with a previous short recall of the light properties necessary for this matter.
Engineering applications of lasers and holography optical physics and engineering kock, winston on. To understand the basics of holography through the creation of holograms using the direct beam, offaxis transmission procedure. The rest of your paper should describe the various types of holography and how to view them, some uses of holography, anticipated technologies stemming from holography, note. The author provides easytofollow derivations of the mathematical foundations of holography, while giving practical advice on how to implement holography for a wide variety of applications. Holography holography mathematics proposed by dennis. Creating your own illusion lab manual sarah honorowski 01, shialing kwa 01 and shane smith 02 purpose. The theory behind holography is rather straightforward and based on the fact that information recorded in the emulsion of photographic or holographic film is caused by the intensity, not the phase, of the electromagnetic wave incident on the film. One of the goals of physics is to find connections between seemingly different phenomena. Weiner 1sandia national laboratories, 1515 eubank blvd. Scientists engaged holography in fast estimating particles in media by tamara besedina, itmo university laserbased setup for taking holograms. The image it brings to life is referred to as a hologram, from the greek word meaning whole picture.
The first, understanding holography, presents the principles of hologram recording illustrated with practical examples. The concept of holography has lured philosophers of science for decades, and is becoming more and more popular on several fronts of science, e. Engineering applications of lasers and holography optical. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. Single shot digital holography using iterative reconstruction with alternating updates of amplitude and phase dennis j.
The resulting pattern is the sum of all these zone plates, which combine to. The techniques and principles of holography have been modi. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. Acoustical holography involves reconstruction of the sound field that arises due to radiation of sound at a boundary, such as the vibrating body of a violin, the fuselage of an aircraft, or the surface of a submarine. The technique of holography can also be used to store, retrieve, and process. Holographicphasetransitionprobedbynonlocal observables. Wave optics considers light as an electromagnetic wave of an arbitrary wavelength in general. Pdf after invention of holography by dennis gabor in 1947 it is widely used in various. Invented in the late 1940s by dennis gabor 19001970, who won the 1971 nobel prize in physics for his work, holography became far more practical with the development of the laser. The threedimensional image of the object can be seen by exposing the recorded holographic plate hologram to coherent light. At that time, scanning devices that could be used for digitizing.